IMPORTANT+TERMS



= = =CHAPTER 3 = = Multimedia Principle = Use words and graphics rather than words alone. Using __words__ in combination with __graphics__ leads to better learning success than using text alone.

__Words __ Printed text or spoken text.

__Graphics __ Static illustrations such as drawings, charts, graphs, maps, or photos and dynamic graphics such as animation or video.

= Multimedia Presentation = =Any presentation that contains both words and graphics. This presentation helps you visualize how the instructional message can be communicated using both words and relevant pictures. = =Graphics to Teach Content Types: = 1. __Decorative__= Visuals added for aesthetic appeal or for humor. 2. __Representational__= Visuals that illustrate the appearance of an object. 3. __Organizational__ = Visuals that show qualitative relationships among content. 4. __Relational__= Visuals that summarize quantitative relationships. 5. __Transformational__= Visuals that illustrate changes in time or over space. 6. __Interpretive__= Visuals that make intangible phenomena visible and concrete.



=<span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif;">CHAPTER 4 =

= Contiguity Principle 1 = =<span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: 'Arial Rounded MT Bold','sans-serif'; font-size: 14pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">Involves the need to coordinate printed words and graphics. Corresponding graphics and printed words must be placed near each other on the screen (that is, contiguous in space). =

= Contiguity Principle 2 = =<span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: 'Arial Rounded MT Bold','sans-serif'; font-size: 14pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">Corresponding graphics and spoken words be presented at the same time (contiguous). =

=<span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif;">CHAPTER 8 = = Personalization Principle 1 = =<span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: 'Arial Rounded MT Bold','sans-serif'; font-size: 14pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">When a conversational style of writing (including using first and second person language). This is important for the design of pedagogical agents or screen characters who help guide the learning processes during an instructional episode. = <span style="background: white; color: blue; font-family: 'Arial Rounded MT Bold','sans-serif';">Promote personalization through <span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: 'Arial Rounded MT Bold','sans-serif'; font-size: 14pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">1. __Voice Quality__, this is a narrated animation on lightning formation when the speaker's voice was human rather than machine-simulated. <span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: 'Arial Rounded MT Bold','sans-serif'; font-size: 14pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">2. __Polite speech__. The screen agents should be polite.

= Personalization Principle 2 = =<span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: 'Arial Rounded MT Bold','sans-serif'; font-size: 14pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">Use effective On-Screen Coaches to Promote Learning, this are called pedagogical agents. This agents are on-screen characters who help guide the learning process during an e-learning episode. This can be a cartoon character, talking-head video, or as virtual reality avatars, machine simulated voice, human recorded voices or printed text. =

= Personalization Principle 3 = =<span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: 'Arial Rounded MT Bold','sans-serif'; font-size: 14pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">Make the Author visible to Promote Learning. The instructional text is written in a formal and impersonal style in where the author seems invisible. If the author is visible it is possible to reveal information about themselves and highlight their personal perspectives. = <span style="background: white; display: block; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; text-align: center;">

=<span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif;">CHAPTER 9 = = = = Segmenting Principle = = People learn more deeply when content is broken into small chunks and learners can control the rate at which they access the chunks. =

= Pretraining Principle = =<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial Rounded MT Bold','sans-serif'; font-size: 14pt;">People learn more deeply when lessons present key concepts prior to presenting the processes or procedures related to those concepts. =

=<span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif;">CHAPTER 10 =

**<span style="color: red; font-family: 'Arial Rounded MT Bold','sans-serif'; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Worked Example ** **<span style="font-family: 'Arial Rounded MT Bold','sans-serif'; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Step by step demonstration of how to solve a problem or accomplish a task. **

**<span style="color: red; font-family: 'Arial Rounded MT Bold','sans-serif'; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Fading ** **<span style="font-family: 'Arial Rounded MT Bold','sans-serif'; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">An instructional technique in which learners move from fully worked examples to full practice exercises through a series of worked examples in which the learner gradually completes more of the steps. **

**<span style="color: red; font-family: 'Arial Rounded MT Bold','sans-serif'; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Transfer ** **<span style="font-family: 'Arial Rounded MT Bold','sans-serif'; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Application of previously learned knowledge and skills to new situations encountered after the learning event. Relies on retrieval of new knowledge and skills from long-term memory during performance. **